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Psychoanalytic therapies have unconscious processes at the heart of the work. Psychodynamic counselling is derived from psychoanalysis and the work of Freud and subsequent psychoanalytic theorists. It is a model that uses psychoanalytic concepts to explain human growth and development, and the nature of psychological problems like depression and anxiety. Counsellors can expect to work in a broad range of settings, with both long and short term clients. Psychodynamic counselling uses the nuances of the therapeutic relationship (between client and therapist) to gain insight into unconscious relationship patterns that have evolved since childhood.

Memories and other evidence of early relationships are used to make sense of current stresses. The process of change occurs as clients become more aware of the power of the unconscious, including defence mechanisms, instincts and ‘rules for life’, to influence behaviour, and hence be more able to control their actions and responses, and possibly choose more fulfilling ways of living. The therapeutic relationship in contemporary psychodynamic counselling is based on acceptance, empathy and understanding, with an emphasis on developing a good working alliance that fosters trust. The counsellor takes account of the real world of the client, including the impact of trauma, cultural difference, sexual orientation, social context etc.